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Required minimum distribution (RMD)

The amount you must withdraw each year from traditional IRAs and most workplace retirement plans starting at age 73 (75 for those born in 1960 or later). Withdrawals are ordinary income, and missing one costs a 25 percent penalty on the shortfall.

What is Required minimum distribution?

The amount you must withdraw each year from traditional IRAs and most workplace retirement plans starting at age 73 (75 for those born in 1960 or later). Withdrawals are ordinary income, and missing one costs a 25 percent penalty on the shortfall.

Why it matters on your return

RMDs can push retirees into a higher bracket, raise Medicare premiums, and make more Social Security taxable. Roth conversions before RMD age and qualified charitable distributions after are the main ways to manage them.

Example

A 74-year-old with $800,000 in a traditional IRA has an RMD of roughly $32,400 (the balance divided by the IRS life-expectancy factor of 24.7). Giving $10,000 of it directly to charity as a qualified charitable distribution keeps that $10,000 out of income.

Do Roth IRAs have RMDs?

No, not for the original owner. Inherited Roth IRAs have their own withdrawal rules, generally a 10-year window.

Source: IRC 401(a)(9); IRS Publication 590-B

Last reviewed September 17, 2026. Tax rules change; confirm current law before acting.

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