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Passive activity loss

Losses from rental real estate and businesses in which you do not materially participate. They can only offset passive income, with the excess suspended until you have passive income or sell.

What is Passive activity loss?

Losses from rental real estate and businesses in which you do not materially participate. They can only offset passive income, with the excess suspended until you have passive income or sell.

Why it matters on your return

Rental losses are the common trap. A $25,000 allowance exists for active participants under $100,000 of income and phases out by $150,000; above that, rental losses are suspended unless you qualify as a real estate professional.

Example

A couple earning $200,000 buys a rental that loses $15,000 on paper. The loss is suspended, not deductible this year, and carries forward until the property is sold or they have passive income.

What is a real estate professional for tax purposes?

Someone who spends more than 750 hours and more than half their working time in real property businesses and materially participates in the rentals. The records have to prove it.

Last reviewed September 15, 2026. Tax rules change; confirm current law before acting.

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