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Wallet-by-wallet cost basis

Tracking and selecting digital asset tax lots separately within each wallet or account rather than across a single universal pool.

What is Wallet-by-wallet cost basis?

Tracking and selecting digital asset tax lots separately within each wallet or account rather than across a single universal pool.

Universal vs wallet-by-wallet

Universal (pre-2025): one pool of lots across every wallet; pick any lot for any sale. Wallet-by-wallet (2025 on): lots live where the coins live; a sale from a wallet uses that wallet's lots, FIFO by default.

Why it matters on your return

Since January 1, 2025, this is the rule, not an option. A sale from one wallet can only be matched to lots in that wallet, which means the same coin can have different basis in different places and a low-basis lot cannot be parked elsewhere to sell a high-basis lot first. Software that still pools across wallets produces wrong returns.

Example

You hold 3 ETH bought at $1,000 in a hardware wallet and 3 ETH bought at $3,000 on Coinbase. Selling 1 ETH from Coinbase uses a $3,000 lot; the $1,000 lots are unreachable until they are moved, and moving them is a transfer that carries their basis.

Can I still use universal cost basis for crypto?

No. Universal pooling ended for dispositions on or after January 1, 2025. Basis is tracked and identified per wallet or account.

Source: Treas. Reg. 1.1012-1(j)

Last reviewed September 18, 2026. Tax rules change; confirm current law before acting.

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